Information provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

What is Zika?

Zika virus disease is caused by the Zika virus, which is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting up to a week, and many people do not have symptoms or will have only mild symptoms. However, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly and other severe brain defects.

How do people get infected with Zika?

Zika is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). A pregnant woman can pass Zika to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth. Also, a person with Zika can pass it to his or her sex partners. We encourage people who have traveled to or live in places with risk of Zika to protect themselves by preventing mosquito bites and sexual transmission of Zika.

What health problems can result from getting Zika?

Many people infected with Zika will have no symptoms or mild symptoms that last several days to a week. However, Zika infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects. Current research suggests that Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), an uncommon sickness of the nervous system, is strongly associated with Zika; however, only a small proportion of people with recent Zika virus infection get GBS.

Once someone has been infected with Zika, it’s very likely they’ll be protected from future infections. There is no evidence that past Zika infection poses an increased risk of birth defects in future pregnancies.

Should pregnant women travel to areas with risk of Zika?

No. Pregnant women should not travel to any area with risk of Zika. Travelers who go to places with risk of Zika can be infected with Zika, and Zika infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe brain defects.

If I am traveling to an area with risk of Zika, should I be concerned about Zika?

Travelers who go to places with risk of Zika can be infected with Zika, and CDC has issued travel recommendations for people traveling to areas with a CDC Zika Travel Notice. Many people will have mild or no symptoms. However, Zika can cause microcephaly and other severe birth defects. For this reason, pregnant women should not travel to any area with risk of Zika, and women trying to get pregnant should talk to their doctors before traveling or before their sex partners travel to an  area with risk of Zika. It is especially important that women who wish to delay or avoid pregnancy consistently use the most effective method of birth control that they are able to use. Those traveling to areas with risk of Zika should take steps during and after they travel to prevent mosquito bites and sexual transmission of Zika.

What can people do to prevent Zika?

The best way to prevent Zika is to protect yourself and your family from mosquito bites:

• Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents
• Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants
• Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.

Zika can be spread by a person infected with Zika to his or her sex partners. Condoms can reduce the chance of getting Zika from sex. Condoms include male and female condoms. To be effective, condoms should be used from start to finish, every time during vaginal, anal, and oral sex and the sharing of sex toys. Not having sex eliminates the risk of getting Zika from sex. Pregnant couples with a partner who traveled to or lives in an area with risk of Zika should use condoms every time they have sex or not have sex during the pregnancy.

What are the symptoms of Zika virus disease?

The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, headache, joint pain, red eyes, and muscle pain. Many people infected with Zika won’t have symptoms or will have mild symptoms, which can last for several days to a week.

How is Zika diagnosed?

To diagnose Zika, your doctor will ask you about recent travel and symptoms you may have, and collect blood or urine to test for Zika or similar viruses.

Can someone who returned from an area with risk of Zika get tested for the virus?

Zika virus testing is performed at CDC and some state and territorial health departments. See your doctor if you have Zika symptoms and have recently been in an area with risk of Zika. Your doctor may order tests to look for Zika or similar viruses like dengue and chikungunya.

What should pregnant women who have recently traveled to an area with risk of Zika do?

Pregnant women who have recently traveled to an area with risk of Zika should talk to their doctor about their travel, even if they don’t feel sick. Pregnant women should see a doctor if they have any Zika symptoms during their trip or after traveling. All pregnant women can protect themselves by avoiding travel to an area with risk of Zika, preventing mosquito bites, and following recommended precautions against getting Zika through sex.

I am not pregnant, but will my future pregnancies be at risk if I am infected with Zika virus?

Currently, there is no evidence that a woman who has recovered from Zika virus infection (the virus has cleared her body) will have Zika-related pregnancy complications in the future. Based on information about similar infections, once a person has been infected with Zika virus and has cleared the virus from his or her body, he or she is likely to be protected from future Zika infections.

If you’re thinking about having a baby in the near future and you or your partner live in or traveled to an area with risk of Zika, talk with your doctor or other healthcare provider. See Women & Their Partners Trying to Become Pregnant.

I was in a place with risk of Zika recently. How long do I need to wait after returning to get pregnant?

Men who have traveled to a place with a CDC Zika travel notice or a red area of Zika active transmission in the United States should wait at least 6 months after travel (or 6 months after symptoms started if they get sick) before trying to conceive with their partner. Women should wait at least 8 weeks after travel (or 8 weeks after symptoms started if they get sick) before trying to get pregnant. The waiting period is longer for men because Zika stays in semen longer than in other body fluids. Travelers to areas with risk of Zika but no CDC Zika travel notice should talk to their healthcare provider. Travelers to yellow Zika cautionary areas can consider waiting these timeframes before trying to conceive. If either partner has symptoms of Zika or tests positive for Zika after travel, they should follow the suggested timeframes above before trying to get pregnant.

Which insect repellents work best to prevent infections caused by mosquito bites? 

To prevent Zika and other diseases spread by mosquitoes, use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents on exposed skin. The insect repellent should include one of the following ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol, or 2-undecanone. Higher percentages of active ingredient provide longer protection. Always follow the label instructions when using insect repellent.

How should insect repellents be used on children to prevent mosquito bites and the viruses that some mosquitoes can spread?

You should not use insect repellents on babies younger than 2 months old. Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children younger than 3 years old. Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, and cut or irritated skin. Adults should spray insect repellent onto their hands and then apply to a child’s face. Mosquito netting can be used to cover babies younger than 2 months old in carriers, strollers, or cribs to protect them from mosquito bites.

Is it safe for infants or children to travel to an area with risk of Zika?

CDC’s travel guidance for areas with risk of Zika applies to infants and children, as well as adults. CDC recommends that those who travel to areas with risk of Zika protect themselves from mosquito bites during travel and for 3 weeks after returning from travel. For safe and effective ways to protect your child from mosquito bites, please visit CDC’s Zika prevention page. Most children infected with Zika virus have no symptoms or have a mild illness, similar to adults with Zika virus infection.

What should I do if I am sick, or a family member is sick, with Zika?

Many people infected with Zika virus won’t have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms lasting several days to a week. If you have symptoms of Zika (fever, rash, headache, joint pain, red eyes, or muscle pain) and you live in or recently traveled to an area with risk of Zika, you should see your doctor or healthcare provider and tell him or her about your symptoms and recent travel. There is no specific medicine for Zika, but you can treat the symptoms. If you are diagnosed with Zika, protect those around you by taking steps to prevent mosquito bites and to prevent sexual transmission of Zika. Because Zika can generally be found in blood during approximately the first week of infection and can be passed to another person through mosquito bites, help prevent others from getting sick by strictly following steps to prevent mosquito bites during the first week of illness.

Should we be concerned about Zika in the United States?

Local mosquito-borne spread of Zika has been reported in the continental United States. CDC has guidance for people living in or traveling to Miami-Dade County, Florida, and Brownsville, Texas.

Many areas in the United States have the type of mosquitoes that can become infected with and spread Zika virus. Everyone can protect themselves from mosquito bites by wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants, staying in places with air conditioning and window and door screens, treating clothing and gear with permethrin, and using EPA-registered insect repellents that contain one of the following ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, para-menthane-diol, or 2-undecanone.

What is CDC doing about Zika?

CDC is working around the clock to respond to the Zika virus outbreak. CDC’s work includes developing laboratory tests to diagnose Zika, conducting studies to learn more about Zika, publishing reports about Zika, monitoring and reporting cases of Zika, providing guidance to travelers and Americans living in areas with outbreaks, providing on-the-ground support in countries and US territories with current Zika outbreaks, and more. You can find more information here.

 

Advice for People Living in or Traveling to South Florida

CDC previously issued guidance related to Zika for people living in or traveling to Miami-Dade County, Florida, which advised that pregnant women not travel to this area due to local transmission of Zika virus. CDC designates areas for Zika virus transmission prevention in the continental United States and Hawaii as red or yellow. Miami-Dade County was previously designated as a Zika cautionary (yellow) area, but that designation was removed on June 2, 2017. This means that there are no longer any travel recommendations related to Zika virus for Miami-Dade County, Florida. Although the level of risk of Zika virus transmission after a yellow area is removed is not known, it is likely to be low. However, sporadic cases may still occur. For this reason, CDC recommends that people living in or traveling to Miami-Dade County continue to protect themselves from mosquito-borne illnesses, including Zika virus, by following the guidance below. See CDC’s travel, testing, and pregnancy planning guidance for areas with reported mosquito-borne spread of Zika virus.

Travel

• Because Miami-Dade County is no longer a yellow area, there are no recommendations to avoid travel to this area.

Prevention

• Women and men who live in or travel to Miami-Dade County should remain aware of any new reports of Zika virus transmission in their area and should follow steps to prevent mosquito bites to reduce their risk for illnesses spread by mosquitoes, including Zika virus.
• Because Zika virus can persist for months in semen, there may still be a continuing risk for sexual transmission, whether or not the partner had symptoms of Zika. Pregnant women and their partners who live in or travel to Miami-Dade County who want to reduce their risk of Zika virus infection should use condoms every time they have sex (including vaginal, anal, and oral sex), or they should not have sex during the pregnancy.
• Women who are not pregnant and men who live in or travel to these areas who want to reduce their risk of Zika virus infection should consider using condoms every time they have sex, or not having sex.  Men should consider condom use for at least 6 months, and women should consider having sex with a condom for at least 8 weeks from June 2, 2017.

Testing and Diagnosis

• Pregnant women who lived in or traveled to Miami-Dade County between August 1, 2016 and June 2, 2017 should be tested for Zika virus.
• Pregnant women who have had sex without a condom with a partner who lived in or traveled to Miami-Dade County between August 1, 2016 and June 2, 2017, should be tested for Zika virus. In addition, healthcare providers can consider testing pregnant women who have had sex without a condom up to 6 months after the yellow area designation was lifted with a partner who lived in or traveled to this area while it had a yellow designation.
• Pregnant women who have had sex without a condom with a partner who has been diagnosed with Zika virus disease, or with a partner who has traveled to any area with risk of Zika and a CDC Zika travel notice should be tested for Zika virus.
• Pregnant women who lived in, traveled to, or had sex without a condom with someone who lived in or traveled to Miami-Dade County and who have prenatal findings suggestive of congenital Zika syndrome should be tested.
• Pregnant women who lived in or traveled to the area before the yellow area designation was lifted and conceived up to 8 weeks after the designation was lifted should be tested.
• Consider testing pregnant women who conceived up to 6 months after the yellow area designation was lifted with a partner who traveled to or lived in the area before the designation was lifted.
• Newborns who have birth defects related to congenital Zika infection and whose mothers have lived in, traveled to, or had sex without a condom with someone who lived in or traveled to Miami-Dade County should be tested.
• Anyone who lived in, traveled to, or had sex without a condom with someone who lived in or traveled to Miami-Dade County between August 1, 2016, and June 2, 2017, who have signs and symptoms consistent with Zika virus disease should be tested.

Pregnancy Planning

• People living in Miami-Dade County should talk to their healthcare provider about pregnancy plans. Although the level of Zika virus transmission is likely to be low, sporadic cases may still occur. In addition, couples should consider the possible resurgence of active transmission of Zika virus during the next mosquito season in their pregnancy planning.
• Men who traveled to Miami-Dade County between August 1, 2016, and June 2, 2017 should consider waiting at least 6 months after their last possible exposure to this area before attempting to conceive with their partner.
• Women who traveled to Miami-Dade County between August 1, 2016, and June 2, 2017 should consider waiting at least 8 weeks after their last possible exposure to this area before attempting to conceive with their partner.
• If both male and female partners of a couple traveled together to Miami-Dade County between August 1, 2016, and June 2, 2017, they should consider waiting at least 6 months after their last possible exposure to this area before attempting to conceive.
• Limited data are available about the persistence of Zika in body fluids and the chances of harm to a pregnancy when the woman is infected with Zika around the time of conception. Some couples with a partner with possible Zika virus exposure may choose to wait longer or shorter than the recommended period to try to get pregnant. For more information, see CDC’s travel, testing, and pregnancy planning guidance for areas with reported mosquito-borne spread of Zika virus.

Photo credit: iStock.com/Devonyu